Thursday, February 11, 2010

Why isn't there a clear photo image of Pluto?

How can the Hubble Space Telescope take clear, high-resolution images of galaxies that are many light years away, yet we cannot snap a high resolution image of Pluto or any other object that is relatively local to our solar system?Why isn't there a clear photo image of Pluto?
Angular size.





Pluto is a small object (about 2400 km diameter) at quite a distance from Earth (about 4 billion km) and its angular size is about 0.1 arc seconds.





Hubble can take quite nice images of Jupiter (50 arc seconds in size), Mars (25 arc seconds at closest approach), Saturn, and Uranus.





Hubble images of deep-sky objects are deceptive because the objects have quite large angular sizes but because they are so far away the actual scale of the image can be many light years per pixel. Typical nebulae and galaxies are many arc minutes in size; much much bigger than even Jupiter as far as telescope imaging is concerned.Why isn't there a clear photo image of Pluto?
It's a question of angular size, rather than distance. Pluto is relatively close by, but is incredibly small -- after all, that's the reason it got demoted from being a planet, remember? At the moment, its angular diameter, as seen from Earth, is only 0.098 arcseconds. I don't know offhand how big the most distant galaxies in the Hubble Deep Fields are, but I'd guess they're at least 10 times larger in angular diameter. The relatively close galaxies which Hubble images so spectacularly are much much larger in angular diameter; the Sombrero Galaxy (M104) for example is 8.7 arcminutes across in angular size, or 5,327 times larger than Pluto!
Galaxies are huge, so even though they're far away many of them still have an apparent angular size that's bigger than Pluto.
No one cares about pluto

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